Basements

building basements with ICF in the UK.

When properly executed, ICF Construction can create a high-quality, energy-efficient, and durable basement space for residential and commercial buildings.

Basement Construction: 4 Main Steps.

ICF forms can be used for most types of structures, including basements with different uses. We will restrict our consideration of basements here to residential buildings.

Suitable basement construction can be split into 4 main steps:

Table 2 from the British Standard BS8102 provides identification of the required use and the appropriate water proofing Grade.

Grade 1 – some moving (liquid) water is acceptable
Grade 2 – some non-moving (liquid) water is acceptable
Grade 3 – no (liquid) water is acceptable

This involves identification of all previous site activities and site testing of the sub-soil and ground water levels. Gas may also be present in the form of methane, carbon dioxide or radon and may need to be identified by gas testing specialists.

Concrete walls of one form or another are normally used. Some engineers use brick or block walls with a concrete infill but these are normally very tine consuming and costly to build compared with ICF PolyBlok walls.

The basement water proofing can be bonded onto the face of the ICF or be in the form of a DPM type membrane that is hung down the wall from a horizontal fixing just above ground level. A land drain at the base of the wall will take the water that is deflected from the wall by the membrane to a sewer, ditch or soakaway,

Basement Grades & Types

Basements In Residential Buildings.

Basements in residential buildings can be of Grade 1, 2 or 3. Very few will fall into the Grade 2 category except for swimming pool halls and their plant rooms. The majority of projects will be Grade 3 for Residential use.

In residential buildings there are two typical structural layouts. Most basements are required when a dwelling is being built on the hillside and the rear wall of the dwelling is a retaining wall. The ground can slope down on either one or both sides of the building so the at the front of the house, the floor level is at the same level as the ground outside. In these circumstances it is relatively easy to ensure that water ingress does not occur by installing a land drain around the three sides of building that are retaining soil.

The alternative type of basement is where there is a whole floor level below ground. This requires more detailed consideration of the groundwater levels in the soil around the basement and the use of the basement.

Building Basements with ICF.

Our ICF PolyBloks are extremely useful and versatile in residential basement construction for the following reasons:

They are a simple, fast way of building high quality retaining walls without the use of skilled labour.
The high quality concrete core and the highly compressed EPS skins provide a structure that is virtually waterproof without additional measures.
The PolyBlok330 forms will provide a safe retaining wall for most soils if the ICF basement is 3.5m deep (or less) below ground and the wall is propped by the Ground Floor.

In virtually all soil types, DPM type membrane can be fixed to the outer wall and carried down the wall to enclose a perforated land drain at the foot of the wall. This can discharge into a soakaway, ditch or sewer on the slope below the house in most circumstances. However discharge into a sewer may require the consent of the local water authority.

If the ground water levels are known to get very high it is possible to have leakage between the foot of the ICF PolyBlok wall and the base slab. In this instance, an internal drain can be provided around the perimeter of the building which drains to a sump with a submersible pump beneath the finished floor level in the basement.

Basement Waterproofing Repairs.

There are websites that state that ICF is unsuitable for basement construction because “They have a huge number of joints and that the concrete cannot be checked after installation”. In fact, there is only one joint in an ICF wall and that is the one at the bottom of the wall between it and the base slab. The very high quality of concrete cured over weeks inside the EPS forms and the 3D grid of wires in ICF PolyBloks stop all shrinkage cracks. As a result ICF PolyBlok walls are virtually waterproof without specialist waterproofing and are far superior to concrete walls built with formwork. But it is essential to ensure that the concrete pour is carefully controlled to ensure that the correct specification is used and the concrete is vibrated properly.

ICF basement leaks might be difficult to repair but they will not leak if they are designed and built properly in the first place. If there are any doubts about the likelihood of persistent high water levels in the ground around the basement then an internal drain should be installed as shown in the Type 1 sketch below.

Structural Options.

There are two primary structural arrangements incorporating the use of Polybloks in an ICF basement retaining wall:

Type 1:

An inverted T type retaining wall is constructed with the toe of the wall about 400-500mm below the internal floor level. The floor is then formed in a conventional beam and block type floor, supported by a concrete block sleeper walls that are built on the toe of the retaining wall at one end and by conventional footings at the other end. This is mostly used on hillside buildings where the front of the building does not need to be a retaining wall or where there is a risk of water penetration.

Type 2:

The entire basement floor is covered by a reinforced concrete floor slab that can be 200-300mm deep, depending on the width of the basement. The ICF walls are then installed around the starter bars that are cast into the basement slab. Further reinforcement is installed over the entire area of the wall so that the retaining wall and basement slab act as one structural element.

Considerations.

Reinforcement that has a diameter greater than 12mm is very difficult to use in ICF and the horizontal steel bars must be specified in a way that suits the ICF course heights. Many Structural Engineers over provide the area of steel required because of their ultra-conservative approach to retaining wall design.

In most basements that are less than about 3.0m high the vertical reinforcement should be no more than H10 bars at 150mm c/c if the wall is propped by the ground level floor before backfilling around the basement walls.

ICF Construction

Call us if you need more detailed information for your ICF project, browse our technical library and FAQs for construction details using Polybloks.

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